- Scoliosis is a medical condition in which a person's spinal axis has a three-dimensional deviation. Although it is a complex three-dimensional deformity, on an X-ray, viewed from the rear, the spine of an individual with scoliosis can resemble an "S" or a "?", rather than a straight line.
SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
- The signs of scoliosis can include:
- Uneven musculature on one side of the spine
- A rib prominence or a prominent shoulder blade, caused by rotation of the ribcage in thoracic scoliosis
- Uneven hips, arms or leg lengths
- Slow nerve action (in some cases)
CAUSES
- An estimated 65% of scoliosis cases are idiopathic, about 15% are congenital and about 10% are secondary to a neuromuscular disease.
- Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) has no clear causal agent, and is generally believed to be multifactorial, although genetics are believed to play a role.The prevalence of scoliosis is 1% to 2% among adolescents, however the likelihood of progression among adolescents with a Cobb angle of less than 20° is about 10% to 20%
- At least one gene, CHD7, has been associated with the idiopathic form of scoliosis. Studies in 2006 showed evidence of a linkage between idiopathic scoliosis and threemicrosatellite polymorphisms in the MATN1 gene (encoding for Matrilin 1, cartilage matrix protein), respectively consisting of 103, 101 and 99 base pairs.
- Congenital scoliosis can be attributed to a malformation of the spine during weeks three to six in utero. It is a result of either a failure of formation, a failure of segmentation, or a combination of stimuli.This incomplete and abnormal segmentation results in an abnormally shaped vertebra, at times fused to a normal vertebra or unilaterally fused vertebrae, leading to the abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.
- Secondary scoliosis due to neuropathic and myopathic conditions can result in a loss of muscular support for the spinal column which results in the spinal column being pulled in abnormal directions. Some conditions which may cause secondary scoliosis include muscular dystrophy, spinal muscular atrophy, poliomyelitis, cerebral palsy, spinal cord trauma, and myotonia. Scoliosis often presents itself, or worsens, during the adolescence growth spurt and is more often diagnosed in females than males.
MANAGEMENT
- The traditional medical management of scoliosis is complex and is determined by the severity of the curvature and skeletal maturity, which together help predict the likelihood of progression. The conventional options for children and adolescents are.
- Observation
- Bracing
- Surgery
- For adults, treatment usually focuses on relieving any pain.
- Painkilling medication
- Bracing
- Exercise
- Surgery
PHYSICAL THERAPY
- Exercise
- Self care
- Productivity
- Leisure
- Bracing
- Casting
- Surgery
SOURCE:
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scoliosis
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